Abstract
This study dwelt on terrorism, insurgency, agitation and the survival of federalism in Nigeria. The relative deprivation theory was adopted herein. The study sought to ascertain if insurgency and agitations have any significant impact on the security challenges, determine if there is a nexus between ethnic chauvinism and the Nigerian federalism, and also examine the implications of ethnic conflicts on Nigerian federalism. To achieve these objectives, secondary sources of data collection method was used. The findings revealed that insurgency and agitations have significant impact on the security challenges. Also established was that there is a nexus between ethnic chauvinism and the rising spate of agitations on Nigerian federalism. The study however, recommended that government should improve on boarder management to curtail terrorist influx into Nigeria. There is need for proper restructuring of Nigeria into a federation that will guarantee equality of all ethnic groups. Government should also endeavor to resolve the major problems of ethnic, religious, socio economic and political crises bedeviling Nigeria. Finally, this study adopted a descriptive design as its analysis.