APARTHEID AND NEW DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA

CHANGES SINCE MANDELA'S EXIT, 1994-2020

Abstract

This study examines the transformative political, social, and economic changes in South Africa from the end of apartheid in 1994 to the departure of Nelson Mandela's influence in 2020. As the nation transitioned from an apartheid regime characterized by institutionalized racial segregation and oppression to a new democratic framework, the trajectory of its evolution provides critical insights into post-colonial nation-building and the challenges of reconciliation and equity. Initially, the end of apartheid marked a historic shift with the establishment of a democratic government under Nelson Mandela, whose presidency symbolized a commitment to reconciliation and inclusive governance. This research explores the significant reforms introduced during Mandela's presidency and the early post-apartheid years, focusing on the dismantling of apartheid-era structures and the implementation of policies aimed at addressing historical injustices and promoting socio-economic development. Following Mandela's exit from the presidency in 1999, South Africa faced ongoing challenges in consolidating its democracy. The study delves into the performance of subsequent administrations in addressing issues such as economic disparity, corruption, and social cohesion. It analyzes key legislative and policy changes, including efforts to improve access to education, healthcare, and housing, and examines their effectiveness in ameliorating the conditions of marginalized communities. The analysis also considers the impact of global economic trends, domestic political shifts, and social movements on South Africa's development trajectory. By 2020, the country had seen both notable successes and significant setbacks, revealing the complexities of achieving equitable development in a post-apartheid context. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of South Africa's post-apartheid journey, highlighting the interplay between legacy, leadership, and policy in shaping the nation's democratic evolution and future prospects. Qualitative methods, such as case study approach and content analysis of historical documents were used for this research, they provide deep insights into policy impacts and societal changes. While Postcolonial Theory was particularly relevant for this study, as it examines how former colonies negotiate identity and development in the post-independence era.